6 Tips for More Efficient Reading in Grad School

Got a long reading list? Welcome to graduate school! Expect to read multiple articles and, depending on your field, even a book each week. While nothing will make that lengthy reading list go away, you can learn how to read more efficiently and get more out of your reading for less time. Here are 6 tips that many students (and faculty) often overlook. Scholarly reading requires a different approach than leisure reading The biggest mistake that students make is approaching their school assignments as if they were leisure reading. Instead, academic reading requires more work. Read prepared to take notes, reread paragraphs, or look up related material. Its not simply a matter of kicking back and reading. Read in multiple passes Sounds counter-intuitive, but the efficient reading of academic articles and texts requires multiple passes. Dont start at the beginning and finish at the end. Instead, scan the document multiple times. Take a piecemeal approach wherein you skim for the big picture and fill in the details with each pass. Start small, with the abstract Begin reading an article by reviewing the abstract and then the first couple of paragraphs. Scan the headings and read the last couple of paragraphs. You might find that there is no need to read further as the article may not suit your needs. Read in more depth If you deem that the material is necessary for your project, reread it. If an article, read the introduction (especially the end where the purpose and hypotheses are outlined) and conclusion sections to determine what the authors believe they studied and learned. Then look at the method sections to determine how they addressed their question. Then the results section to examine how they analyzed their data. Finally, reexamine the discussion section to learn about how they interpret their results, especially within the context of the discipline. Remember that you don't have to finish Youre not committed to reading the entire article. You can stop reading at any time if you decide that the article isnt important - or if you think you have all the information that you need. Sometimes a detailed skim is all that you need. Adopt a problem-solving mindset Approach an article as you would a jigsaw puzzle, working from the edges, the outside, in. Locate the corner pieces that establish the overall framework for the article, then fill in the details, the centerpieces. Remember that sometimes you wont need those inside pieces to grasp the material. This approach will save you time and help you get the most from your reading in the least amount of time. This approach also applies to reading scholarly books. Examine the beginning and end, then headings and chapters, then, if needed, the text itself. Once you step away from the one reading one-pass mindset youll find that scholarly reading is not as hard as it looks. Consider each reading strategically and decide how much you need to know about it -- and stop once youve reached that point. Your professors may not agree with this approach, but it can make your work much more manageable as long as you review some articles in detail.

John Bowlby and Maternal Deprivation Essay - 595 Words

John Bowlby and Maternal Deprivation Bowlby believed that maternal behaviour was instinctive in humans as it appears to be in animals. Mothers and their babies form an instinctive attachment to each other using genetically inherited skills such as smiling, grasping, crying and so on. If a separation occurs between mother and infant within the first few years of the child’s life, Bowlby believed that the bond would be irreversibly broken, leading to severe emotional consequences for the infant in later life. He referred to this as maternal deprivation. Bowlby claimed that maternal deprivation had the following consequences: 1. Aggressiveness 5. Depression 2. Delinquency 6.†¦show more content†¦The recent debates about child abuse and the question of whether or not to remove at risk children from their natural parents can be seen to be related to the idea of maternal deprivation. If Bowlby is right, it may be better to leave such children with their parents — the long-term damage which could result from maternal deprivation might be a more important consideration than the risk of abuse. On the other hand, if Bowlby is wrong, children could be left in a potentially dangerous situation. However, one of the major effects of Bowlbys claims was to direct greater attention to the childs emotional and psychological needs, which werent considered as important in the 1920s and 30s as they are today. Much of the evidence Bowlby uses to support his views comes from studies carried out in the 1950s and 60s. The nature of the issues being investigated meant that controlled experiments couldnt be carried out. It would not be possible to separate children from their mothers in an experiment! Because control of variables was difficult, clear conclusions were difficult to draw. Other evidence from psychoanalytic case studies or from animal studies must also be interpreted very carefully. During the 1970s Bowlbys view came under increasing criticism as a result of other studies of varying degrees of maternal deprivation whichShow MoreRelatedAttachment Theory Essay1152 Words   |  5 PagesChris Livoti 3/5/13 IB Psychology Mrs. Urso John Bowlby is the pioneer of the attachment theory and worked with children who had been separated from their parents during World War 2. He observed that many of these children developed emotional problems, and he made the connection that the emotional problems stemmed from the separation from the mother. 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His father was Sir Antony Bowlby he was the surgeon to the Kings household.Read MoreBowlbys Theory of Attachments854 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Bowlby’s Theory Attachment is a strong and emotional bond that develops over time between two individuals that is reciprocal. 1. THE THEORY * Bowlby’s theory suggests that attachment is evolutionary and is needed to aid survival. * He did observational research to link orphans with psychological damage. * Babies are helpless and rely on adults. They make instinctive decisions because they haven’t actually learnt anything yet. Bowlby said that babies must be genetically programmedRead MoreSocial And Emotional Development : John Bowlby1402 Words   |  6 Pagesco-operative behaviour. John Bowlby was born in London in the month of February in 1907. He was one of six children and his main care giver was his nanny, which was very typical of an upper-class family in Britain to do at that time. Bowlby had very little interaction with his mother, only seeing her for an hour every night. He grew great affection and attachment to his nanny. which perhaps is where his interest in the attachment theory comes into play. When his nanny left the home when Bowlby was four yearsRead MoreDevelopmental Psychology: Attachment Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pageshuman behaviour, addressing both nurture and nature aspects of childrearing. John Bowlby (1907-1990) is a key psychologist involved in the studies and theories concerning attachment. He summarised his point and the reason for attachment as follows: Based on the above, this essay intends to focus on Bowlby’s work which set out to discover links between early separation and later maladjustment through his ‘maternal deprivation hypothesis.’ This will include the reasons and importance of attachmentRead MoreJohn Bowlby s Theory Of Attachment1439 Words   |  6 Pagesabout John Bowlby and his theory of attachment plus criticisms and how these come into effect in practice and legislation. Edward John Mostyn Bowlby was born February 27th 1907 and died September 2nd 1990. He was born in London to a middle class family. He was mostly taken care of by his nanny because his parents believed that spending too much time with him could lead to him becoming a spoilt child. At age 7 he was sent to boarding school by his parents. After finishing boarding school Bowlby wentRead MoreJohn Bowlbys Path to Developing the Attachment Theory Essay593 Words   |  3 PagesWhat makes a human feel lost when away from their caretaker when they’re child? There are many different theories on this subject, but a well-known theory is the Attachment Theory written by John Bowlby in the mid-twentieth century. John Bowlby born on February 26, 1907, was a twentieth century psychologist who contributed too many modern day psychoanalytic theories. At a young age he hardly saw his mother due to the fact that she believed, like many other mothers at that time, affection and attentionRead MoreA nalysis Of The Lost Boyz1048 Words   |  5 Pagesperspectives. Psychological positivist John Bowlby considered the effect of maternal deprivation as a cause of crime. He stated that children require consistent and continuous care from a primary care-giver until the age of 5 – also known as the critical period (Bowlby, ) Continuous disruption of the relationship between an infant and primary care giver can affect the child in the long run socially, cognitively, and emotionally (Bowlby, 1951). â€Å"Bowlby, J. (1951).  Maternal care and mental health. World

Leadership Team Coaching Developing Collective

Question: Discuss about the Leadership Team Coaching for Developing Collective. Answer: Introduction: Managers are critical for the organization in order to perform efficiently. They are called as the fabric of the organization. Bad managers are injurious for an organization and causes low productivity. As stated by many people good managers seem to be a rare phenomenon. One of the major problems that need to be addressed in current scenario is poor working managers. The article provides an insight on low productive managers. Accordingly good managers are a potential source of competitive advantage. The author has further argued that bas managers cost billion of dollar to the business and bring down the company drastically. The variation in productivity is caused due to input given by each manager (Colquitt,Lepine Wesson,2011). The article further provides with the tools that can be used to motivate the employees. It was further concluded that the managers need to maximize the potential by putting the right person at right place. Most of the companies have wasted resources for a lon g time. Today it is necessary to address the problem by choosing the right person for managerial role. Hence it is evident to recruit the right person by analyzing the situation efficiently. It was further argued that one out of ten people in a team has the leading skills. Strangely the study says that its not the manager but the other team member who need to be discovered in order to attain high level productivity (Luthans Youssef, 2007). Identify and discuss the assumptions and limitations The level of employee engagement varies from organization to organization. It is basically based on the assumption that the culture in an organization varies and it depends upon the efforts undertaken by employees. The cause of performance variability depends upon the nature of the human itself. Gallups argue that one out ten has managerial skills. It only takes effective recognition tools. This is completely a subjective matter whether an organization can have an effective managerial skill. It is assumed that the managers throughout the world require same managerial skills. There is a necessity that the managers need to be recruited on the basis of the organizational needs. According to Gallup the managers already have both the talent and skills essential to apply Gallups key engagement influencers. Further, stated that the talent still need to developed and practiced in order to apply it (Newton, 2014). The article has specifically pointed out on the research undertaken by Gallop that estimates that Managers account at least 70 percent of the difference in employee engagement scores. He indicated that 82 percent companies make a wrong choice in hiring decisions. The author has undertaken the facts and figures as stated by Gallup. It is an American research based performance management Consultancy Company. There major function include analytic and advice to the leaders and organization in order to find the most appropriate solution. Gallup poll is the division in the company that conduct public poll in order to make inference. For Survey Gallup conducts 500 interviews across the USA per day to understand the situation. The Author has used the facts as given by the company in his article. Gallup has made the study of organizations and made inferences regarding employee engagement. As per the author, bad manager cost heavily to an organization. An inefficient manager can cause lot much harm to an organization. An efficient manager is a major source of income by adding competitive advantage. Engaged employees work hard in order to deliver effective results. A disengaged employees in the organization can cause negative rumors. This leads to dissatisfaction and unhappiness among those employees also who are engaged. Good managers are rare and it is more difficult to recognize an efficient manage with a specific set of skills. The great manager can motivate all other employees as they are assertive, accountable and focus on building relationships. Their decision making power is more of goal oriented that helps in attaining productivity (Proctor, 2014). As per Gallup only 10 percent of the population actually has set of core competencies. It was further recognized that 20 percent can learn to function efficiently through proper training programme. It is always not necessary that the person work hard will prove out be an efficient manager. Main ideas in this article relevant to the themes The article is focused on the role of an efficient manager in an organization. Most of the time people are confused related to the role of a manager. The employee engagement score is very low and remained so for more than a decade. Despite of innumerable efforts companies are making billion of loss due to poor engagement strategies. The managers accounts 70 percent of the variance on employee engagement score. The companies fail to hire right person at a right place. Most of the times they are failing to hire right manager which amounts 82 percent of the time (Block, 2016). As per author employee engagement is poor in most of the organization. For the purpose there is a necessity to implement an effective motivation plan. This will help the organizations in attaining efficient results. There is a huge opportunity available for all the organizations to find out efficient managerial skills (Buckingham Coffman, 2014). Unfortunately only one person out of ten has efficient managerial skills. A manager contributes a huge amount to the productivity of an organization. In real world there is a lot of potential available within an organization that need appropriate training. This will help in quick decision making (Hawkins, 2014). The managerial position in an organization is the most responsible in terms of delivering the duties. Most of the major decision related to the organizational progress is taken by the managers. As per the research conducted by Gallop it is clear that most of the manager hired does not possess managerial qualities. Only one person out of ten has managerial qualities. In such a situation talent acquisition plays a major role. Training and development of employees needs to be effective enough in order to provide right solution to the problem. Efficient training programme needs to focus on developing the future leaders. This will help the organization in meeting the objectives efficiently and help in decision making. It is necessary to lift the leadership culture and capabilities. It is effective leadership skills in order to implement the effective culture at workplace. It is the role of a great manager to motivate every single employee to engage employees as per the mission and vision of the organization. They should be assertive and able to handle the adverse situation. The manager needs to develop effective programmes in order to attain trust of the employees (Blount, 2016). It is evident to imply an efficient managerial programme in order to attain efficiencies. In real life situation it is difficult for an individual to manage the situation. Implementing the idea is more evident while finding the most effective manner. The leadership attitude in relation with organization culture is important. Developing the employee capabilities is important for an individual to attain an effective culture. In a real world situation it is essential to develop a strong culture promoting individual interest. The employee engagement can be attained through employee effective leadership programmes. The cultural capacities can be developed in implementing the objectives. Managers should utilize their skills more efficiently in order to attain organizational goals. Companies need to make long-term investment in providing training to the employees so that the productivity cam is attained. It is therefore the duty of an individual to put the right person at a right place. This has helped in managing the workforce more efficiently by developing training manuals. Future leaders in a company reside in the organization. It takes the right amount of efforts to synergize employees (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). Employees tend to give better results if they are given important role. There should be proper recognition activities that help in retaining the employees. Employees engagement is important for an organization in attaining significant results. Designating the correct role to a person in order to attain high level of productivity is necessary. The mangers need to make decisions that are based on productivity not on politics. He should naturally engage the e mployees in productive results. This will significantly help the organization in attaining high productivity (Hunt Weintraub, 2016). Training program in an organization plays an important role in attaining significant result. It helps in attaining significant result while developing future leader. It provides a vision to respond towards the manner in which the decisions in an organization are affected. The leadership role is important in delivering the effective result in todays scenario. There is a necessity to create an awareness regarding the employee participation in delivering the duties. This is necessary to recognize certain conditions that are necessary to develop environment. The psychological needs should be recognized so that the employees can be retained for a longer time period (Baron Parent, 2014). There is a constant necessity in an organization to develop supervisor behavior need to be indicated well enough to manage the organizational goals. These are known as the most effective indicator. There is a direct relationship in between leader behavior and employee outcome in order to attain specific results. It is the duty of the manager to develop low-skilled manager in order to attain efficiencies to retain long term desired goals. Social support provided by the leaders is important in managing the organization in managing tough tasks (Winkler, Clasen Vowinkel, 2015). References Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014).Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Baron,L. Parent,E.(2014). Developing Authentic Leadership within a Training Context. Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies. Vol 22, Issue 1, 2015 Block, P. (2016).The empowered manager: Positive political skills at work. John Wiley Sons. Blount,S.(2016). The Real Reason Good Managers Are So Rare.(ONLINE).Retrieved from: https://fortune.com/2016/01/09/reason-good-managers-rare/ (Accessed on: 31 March 2017) Buckingham, M., Coffman, C. (2014).First, break all the rules: What the world's greatest managers do differently. Simon and Schuster. Colquitt, J., Lepine, J. A., Wesson, M. J. (2011).Organizational behavior: Improving performance and commitment in the workplace. McGraw-Hill Irwin. Hawkins, P. (2014).Leadership team coaching: Developing collective transformational leadership. Kogan Page Publishers. Hunt, J. M., Weintraub, J. R. (2016).The coaching manager: Developing top talent in business. Sage Publications. Luthans, F., Youssef, C. M. (2007). Emerging positive organizational behavior.Journal of management,33(3), 321-349. Newton,P.(2014). Why Good Managers Are So Rare.(ONLINE).Retrieved from: https://www.intelligenthq.com/leadership/good-managers-rare/ (Accessed on: 31 March 2017) Proctor, T. (2014).Creative problem solving for managers: developing skills for decision making and innovation. Routledge. Winkler, E., Busch, C., Clasen, J., Vowinkel, J. (2015). Changes in leadership behaviors predict changes in job satisfaction and well-being in low-skilled workers: A longitudinal investigation.Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies,22(1), 72-87.

Interest Rate Disparity between RBA and Major Australian Banks

Executive Summary The purpose of this report was to examine interest rate disparity between Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) and major Australian banks. The report presents RBA monetary policy decisions since December, 2012 and how major banks have responded to them. Focus was placed on the RBA’s April, 2012 interest rate decision. The report also presents recent monetary policies from China, India and Europe for comparison purposes.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Interest Rate Disparity between RBA and Major Australian Banks specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Research for the report involved current literature review of articles covering recent monetary policies and major banks responses. Main findings indicate that there exist interest rate disparities between central banks’ monetary policy and commercial banks. In all the cases reviewed interest cuts had no effect on banks’ lending rates. W hile it is clear that major banks interest rates will never match RBA’s interest cuts, this report recommends that RBA continues with interest cuts, but find other means to pressure major banks into matching their interest rates with RBA interest cuts to gain public confidence. Introduction The RBA lowered cash rates by 25 basis points in December, 2012 to 4.25 and has kept it on hold for now four months in a row. In its April, 2012 decision, the RBA left the cash rate unchanged to the surprise of many. Despite the interest cuts, major Australian banks are hesitant on matching their interest rates with RBA interest cuts. The purpose of this report was to examine the interest rate disparity between RBA and major Australian Banks. The information gathered was to guide an understanding into monetary policies and the disparities that exist between cash rate cuts and banks’ lending interest rates. It was assumed that cash rate cuts by central/reserve banks should instantly ease the financial markets. This should compel major banks into lowering their interest rates. The current financial situation in Australia and world over was considered with a view to understanding the effect of cash rate cuts on banks’ lending interest rates. Information was gathered by way of online review of current literature. Although immense literature existed on the internet on this topic, most of the articles could not meet the required academic threshold for inclusion in this report.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The report is presented in three major parts. The first part is introductory part, which presents the executive summary and introduction to the report. The second part covers a review of literature, which also presents the major findings and discussions. The final part presents summary/conclusion and recommendations of the report. Literature Revi ew Banks are sometimes forced to borrow money from other banks on a short-term basis to cover liquidity shortfalls resulting from customer withdrawals. Interbank interest rates thus denote interest banks charge on such short-term loans. Most often, interest rates follow the law of demand and supply and to some extent inflation and activities in the financial market. However, the government, through central bank, has a say on the prevailing interbank interest rates especially as a means to containing inflation or easing credit crunch. Since December 2011, the RBA has kept interbank interest rates on hold at 4.25%. This decision, especially as made in April 2012, came to the surprise of many who thought the RBA would lower the rates further to 4.0%. But what reasons did RBA give for the hold? Reasons for leaving the cash rate unchanged According to the minutes of RBA board meeting on 3rd April 2012, the decision not to ease interest rates further was guided by the prevailing internati onal and national economic conditions. It was noted during the meeting that the world was expected to experience a below-trend pace economic growth rate in 2012, with Europe weakening while China and Asia easing in growth pace (RBA, 2012). However, the board noted that the US, Australia’s main trading partner, was in its recovery and growth for the year 2012 is expected to be about average. The board also noted improved sentiments in the financial market following impressive progress in resolving sustainability of the fiscal and debt positions in many European countries (RBA, 2012). At the domestic level, the board noted a decline in demand compared to the year 2011 as well as easing conditions in the housing sector. Labour market conditions in Australia also showed an increase in unemployment rates. Inflation was, however, reported to be within the target, but the board noted the lack of data on inflation. The board’s decision was also guided by the fact that Australi a’s financial conditions remained unchanged in March, with interest rates on loans remaining close to medium-term averages, while exchange rates remained high and credit growth modest (RBA, 2012).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Interest Rate Disparity between RBA and Major Australian Banks specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reasons for banks not matching RBA interest cuts Even as the RBA maintained the cash rates on hold for four months in a row, only small to medium size banks have lowered their interest rates to match RBA cuts. Major banks are still yet to match their interest rates with RBA interest rate cuts. Some banks have even raised their interest rates. But what reasons to they give for such responses? It is worth noting that RBA’s monthly interbank interest rate is not the only influence on banks’ lending rates. Most banks in Australia acquire loan from international banks hence th eir interest rates is greatly influenced by activities in the global financial markets (ANZ, 2012). Most often, banks blame high funding costs associated with the weakening of the European economy for failure to lower interest rates. Most Australian banks depend on international borrowing especially from European countries to make up for their liquidity shortfalls. The financial crisis in Europe, which began in late 2011, has meant that Australian banks acquire credit at a high interest rate hence lowering their lending rates to match RBA interest cuts seem unrealistic. For instance, ANZ has been raising its interest rates since February 2012, despite RBA’s decision to keep cash rates on hold (ANZ, 2012). The bank has blamed funding costs resulting from weakening activity in the global financial market as sufficient reason for raising its interest rates, despite RBA’s interest cuts. At the domestic level, banks have cited reduced borrowing rates and increased competiti on for deposits as their reasons for not matching with RBA interest cuts (Australian Bankers Association, 2012). Deposits constitute 60% of banks liquid capital (Australian Bankers Association, 2012). Competition for deposits means that banks may be faced with liquidity shortfalls as banks fight for the few deposits. Besides, most banks depended on house owners as the main borrowers, but reduced activity in the housing sector has seen many customers avoid bank loans and rather opt to repay previous loans. This only means that the demand for loans has drastically reduced hence banks are only left with the option of keeping interest rates high to be able to make profits.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nevertheless, the RBA treasurer, Wayne Swan, believes that banks should pass interest cuts to the public. According to him, it is true that banks are operating under difficult global financial environment, but they should also be concerned about their local borrowers and pass on interest cuts to the public (Financial Review, 2011b). He warns that if banks fail to lower their interest rates to match with RBA interest cuts, then they should be ready to face the wrath of customers who definitely will be angered by such defiance. Similar pressure on banks to match their interest rates with RBA interest cuts has also been expressed by federal Finance Minister, Penny Wong, who noted that bank’s failure to pass on interest rate cuts to the public could deny households with mortgage worth $300, 000 a monthly saving of up to $49 (Financial Review, 2011a). As a business analyst, I support the Treasurer’s call for banks to match their interest rates with RBA interest cuts. While banks repeatedly mention the high cost of wholesale credit from international financial market as sufficient reason for them not to match their interest rates with RBA interest cuts, it should be noted that international borrowing only accounts for 20% of the banks’ sources of funding (Colebath, 2012). The balance is generated domestically from customer deposits (accounting 60%) and short-term bonds (accounting 20%) (Colebath, 2012). While the international cost of funding may have risen, domestic costs have not risen hence it would only be fair for banks to pass on interest cuts to the customers who form a substantial source of their funding. International comparisons Similar monetary policies on cash rate cuts have been witnessed across Europe, China and India. The European Central Bank raised benchmark rate by 25 basis points in April 2012, but kept interbank interest rates on hold at 1% (Song, 2012). Just like Australian banks, European banks are still yet to match their interest rates. In China, the People’s Bank of China lowered banks’ reserve requirement ratio (RRR) by 0.5% in December, 2011 in a bid to ease short-term credit crunch (Xin and Yao, 2011). While this monetary policy, which came into force in February 2012, has eased credit crunch by releasing between 350 billion Yuan to 400 billion Yuan into the banking system, banks in china are still hesitant on lowering interest rates given the high inflation rates in the country (Xin and Yao, 2011). Indonesia also lowered its interbank interest rates by 25 basis points to ease inflation in a decision that surprised many financial players, but major banks failed to lower their interest rates to match interest cuts. However, inflation in Indonesia has since eased following interest rate cuts. Conclusion/Summary Cash rates have become important monetary policy through which central/reserve banks ease credit crunch and contain inflation. The push for interest rate cuts came as a means to ease financial markets from inflation and credit crunch that has been witnessed since late 2011 with economic growth in Europe weakening while China and Asia eases in pace. Most economic analysts argue that cash rate cuts are an automatic recipe for low interest rates. However, it is evident from this report that banks have other factors to consider for lowering their interest rates and cash rate cuts may have minimal effect on major banks. For major banks, activities in the global financial market have greater influence than domestic interbank interest rates. While RBA’s cash rate cuts should automatically lead to interest rate reductions as has been witnessed in small to medium size Australian banks, the difficult global financial environment in which major Australian banks operate cannot be ignored when understanding the interest rate disparity. Examples from Europe, China and Indonesia have also revealed a disparity between central bank’s monetary policies and b anks’ interest rates. Recommendations Based on the findings, this report recommends that the Reserve Bank of Australia: Revisits its monetary policy and address the disparity that exists in interest rates between major banks and RBA interest rate cuts before lowering the rates any further as anticipated in May,2012 Establish mechanisms for ensuring that its cash rate cuts are automatically transferred to the public Encourage banks to capitalize on domestic sources of funding as global financial market is likely to get tougher as European economy weakens. References ANZ 2012, Why ANZ is changing the way it sets interest rates, www.anz.com/resources/9/c/†¦/changing+interest+rates.pdf?. Australian Bankers Association 2012, Bank funding-an explanation, media release, http://www.bankers.asn.au/Media/Media-Releases/Bank-Funding-An-Explanation. Colebath, T 2012, Big banks marginal case, http://m.smh.com.au/opinion/society-and-culture/big-banks-marginal-case-20120206-1r1p4.htm l. Financial Review 2011a, Wong urges banks to pass on rate cut, media release, 7 December, http://afr.com/p/home/wong_urges_banks_to_pass_on_rate_0U7nuoBudYmm0Irv1MVyUI. Financial Review 2011b, Big four silent as Swan presses for rate cuts, media release, 7 December, http://afr.com/p/national/big_four_silent_as_swan_presses_OrUzVRGmVFwvbjWQbDgbJP. RBA 2012, Minutes of the monetary policy meeting of the reserve bank board-3 April 2012, http://www.rba.gov.au/monetary-policy/rba-board-minutes/2012/03042012.html. Song, D. 2012, EUR/USD: Trading the European Central Bank interest rate decision, news report, http://www.dailyfx.com/forex/fundamental/daily_briefing/daily_pieces/trading_news_reports/2012/02/08/EURUSD_Trading_the_European_Central_Bank_Interest_Rate_Decision.html. Xin, Z. and Yao, K. 2011, China’s central bank cut reserve requirements for commercial lenders on Wednesday for the first time in three years, a policy shift to ease credit strains and shore up an economy run ning at its weakest pace since 2009, http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/11/30/us-china-economy-rrr-idUSTRE7AT0TK20111130. N,ww.anz.com/ratec This report on Interest Rate Disparity between RBA and Major Australian Banks was written and submitted by user Raphael Watts to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.